Nikolaas II fan Ruslân: ferskil tusken ferzjes

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De ferzje fan 5 des 2012 om 13.02

Oan dizze side wurdt noch wurke! Fier hjir asjebleaft gjin bewurkings út oant de skriuwer mei de side klear is.

Nikolaas II Aleksandrovitsj (Russysk: Николай II Александрович, Nikolaj II Aleksandrovitsj) (Tsarskoje Selo, 18 maaie 1868 – Jekaterinenboarch, 17 july 1918) wie de lêste tsaar fan Keizerryk Ruslân, grutfoarst fan Finlân en titulêre kening fan Poalen.

Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdikaasje op 2 maart 1917.^[1] His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost grutmachten fan de wrâld to economic and military collapse. Hy krige de bynamme Bloody Nicholas because of the Kodynka Tragedy, Bloody Sunday, the anti-Semitic pogroms, his execution of political opponents, and his pursuit of military campaigns on a hitherto unprecedented scale.

Under his rule, Russia was defeated in the Russysk-Japanske Kriich, including the almost total annihilation of the Russian fleet at the Slach fan Tsusjima. As head of state, he approved the Russian mobilization of August 1914, which marked the beginning of Russia's involvement in Earste Wrâldkriich, a war in which 3.3 million Russians were killed.^[2] The Russian Imperial Army's severe losses and the monarchy's incompetent handling of the war, along with other policies directed by Nicholas during his reign, are often cited as the leading causes of the fall of the Romanovdynasty.

Nicholas II abdicated following the Febrewarisrevolúsje of 1917 during which he and his family were imprisoned first in the Alexander Palace at Tsarskoye Selo, then later in the Governor's Mansion in Tobolsk, and finally at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. Nicholas II, his wife, his son, his four daughters, the family's medical doctor, the Emperor's tsjinstfeint, the Empress' maidservant, and the family's cook were killed in the same room by the Bolsjewiken yn de nacht fan 16/17 july 1918. This led to the kanonisaasje fan Nikolaas II, syn frou Aleksandra en harren bern asmartelders by various groups tied to the Russysk Ortodokske Tsjerke within Russia and, prominently, outside Russia.

Húshâlding

Nikolaas troude 1894 mei de Dútske prinsesse Alix fan Hessen-Darmstadt, dy't nei har houlik de namme Alexandra Fjodorovna oannaam. Ut it houlik kamen fiif bern fuort:

Namme	Berne	Stoarn	Bysûnderheden
Grootvorstin Olga	15 novimber 1895	17 july 1918	Was enige tijd in beeld als huwelijkskandidaat voor prins Carol fan Roemenië.
Grootvorstin Tatjana	29 maaie 1897	17 july 1918	De favoriet van haar ouders.
Grootvorstin Maria	14 juny 1899	17 july 1918	Was enige tijd in beeld als huwelijkskandidaat voor prins Louis Mountbatten.
Grootvorstin Anastasia	5 juny 1901	17 july 1918	Waarschijnlijk het bekendste kind van Nicolaas en Alexandra.
Grootvorst Aleksej	12 augustus 1904	17 july 1918	Troanopfolger. Lykas syn omke Frederik hie er hemofily.

De ienige soan fan Nikolaas en Aleksandra, troanopfolger Aleksej, hie te lijen fan hemofily, in erflike bloedsykte dy't net better koe. Dêrom helle de famylje de muonts en sinistere wonderdoener Grigori Raspoetin yn'e hûs dy't rillegau in grutte ynfloed krije soe, fral op de tsarina. Dat joech in protte ferset by de ealju en Raspoetin waard sa yn desimber 1916 deadien troch in tal Russyske eallju.

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:

↑ 2 March 1917 in the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia, which is the same day as 15 maart 1917 in the Gregorian Calendar used elsewhere at that time.
↑ Urlanis, Boris (1971). Wars and Population. Moscow

[1] 2 March 1917 in the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia, which is the same day as 15 maart 1917 in the Gregorian Calendar used elsewhere at that time.

[2] Urlanis, Boris (1971). Wars and Population. Moscow

[1]

[2]

@@ Rigel 2: / Rigel 2: @@
 [[Ofbyld:Tsar Nicholas II -1898.jpg|thumb|Nikolaas II (fotograaf: A. A. Pasetti), 1898]]
 '''Nikolaas II Aleksandrovitsj''' ([[Russysk]]: Николай II Александрович, ''Nikol<u>a</u>j II Aleks<u>a</u>ndrovitsj'') ([[Tsarskoje Selo]], [[18 maaie]] [[1868]] – [[Jekaterinenboarch]], [[17 july]] [[1918]]) wie de lêste [[tsaar]] fan [[Keizerryk Ruslân]], [[grutfoarst]] fan [[Grutfoarstendom Finlân|Finlân]] en titulêre [[kening]] fan [[Poalen]].
+Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his [[abdikaasje]] op 2 maart 1917.<ref>2 March 1917 in the Julian Calendar then in use in Russia, which is the same day as 15 maart 1917 in the Gregorian Calendar used elsewhere at that time.</ref> His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost grutmachten fan de wrâld to economic and military collapse. Hy krige de bynamme '''Bloody Nicholas''' because of the [[Kodynka Tragedy]], [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]], the [[anti-Semitic]] [[pogroms]], his execution of political opponents, and his pursuit of military campaigns on a hitherto unprecedented scale.
+Under his rule, Russia was defeated in the [[Russysk-Japanske Kriich]], including the almost total annihilation of the Russian fleet at the [[Slach fan Tsusjima]]. As head of state, he approved the Russian mobilization of August 1914, which marked the beginning of Russia's involvement in [[Earste Wrâldkriich]], a war in which 3.3 million Russians were killed.<ref>Urlanis, Boris (1971). ''Wars and Population''. Moscow</ref> The Russian Imperial Army's severe losses and the monarchy's incompetent handling of the war, along with other policies directed by Nicholas during his reign, are often cited as the leading causes of the fall of the [[Romanov]]dynasty.
+Nicholas II abdicated following the [[Febrewarisrevolúsje]] of 1917 during which he and his family were imprisoned first in the [[Alexander Palace]] at [[Tsarskoye Selo]], then later in the [[Governor's Mansion (Tobolsk, Russia)|Governor's Mansion]] in [[Tobolsk]], and finally at the [[Ipatiev House]] in [[Yekaterinburg]]. Nicholas II, his wife, his son, his four daughters, the family's medical doctor, the Emperor's tsjinstfeint, the Empress' [[maidservant]], and the family's cook were killed in the same room by the [[Bolsjewiken]] yn de nacht fan 16/17 july 1918. This led to the [[kanonisaasje]] fan Nikolaas II, syn frou Aleksandra en harren bern asmartelders by various groups tied to the [[Russysk Ortodokske Tsjerke]] within Russia and, prominently, outside Russia.
 == Húshâlding ==
-Nicolaas troude 1894 mei de Dútske prinsesse [[Alix fan Hessen-Darmstadt]], dy't nei har houlik de namme ''Alexandra Fjodorovna'' oannaam. Ut it houlik kamen fiif bern fuort:
+Nikolaas troude 1894 mei de Dútske prinsesse [[Alix fan Hessen-Darmstadt]], dy't nei har houlik de namme ''Alexandra Fjodorovna'' oannaam. Ut it houlik kamen fiif bern fuort:
@@ Rigel 23: / Rigel 29: @@
 De ienige soan fan Nikolaas en Aleksandra, troanopfolger Aleksej, hie te lijen fan [[hemofily]], in erflike bloedsykte dy't net better koe. Dêrom helle de famylje de muonts en sinistere wonderdoener [[Grigori Raspoetin]] yn'e hûs dy't rillegau in grutte ynfloed krije soe, fral op de tsarina. Dat joech in protte ferset by de ealju en Raspoetin waard sa yn desimber [[1916]] deadien troch in tal Russyske eallju.
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