Abdij fan Echternach: ferskil tusken ferzjes

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[[Ofbyld:Iechternach Basilika.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The modern basilica in Echternach.]]
[[Ofbyld:Iechternach Basilika.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The modern basilica in Echternach.]]


Lying on the [[Sauer|Rivier Sauer]], Echternach had been the site of a 1e ieu [[Romeinske Ryk|Roman]] villa. By the 6th century, the estate at Echternach had passed into the hands of the [[see of Trier]], which had constructed a small monastery on the estate. Yn [[698]], [[Irmine]], daughter of [[Dagobert II]], granted the [[Northumbria]]n [[missionary]] Willibrord, [[Bishop of Utrecht]], land at Echternach to build a larger monastery, appointing Willibrord as [[abbot]]. In part, the choice was due to Willibrord's reputation as a talented proselytiser (he is known as the ''Apostle to the [[Frisians]]''), and, in part, due to the danger posed to his see of Utrecht by [[Paganism|pagan]] Frisian raiders. Echternach would be the first [[Anglo-Saxon mission|Anglo-Saxon]] kleaster in [[continental Europe]].
Echternach, oan de rivier de Sauer, hie yn de [[1e ieu]] in [[Romeinske Ryk|Romeinske]] filla. Yn de [[6e ieu]] wie dat lângoed yn hannen rekke fan de biskop fan Trier, dy't dêr in lyts kleaster boude. Yn [[698]] skonk [[Irmine]], dochter fan [[Dagobert II]], lân yn Echternach oaan de [[Northumbria]]anske misjonaris Willibrord, [[Biskop fan Utert]], om dêr in grutter kleaster te setten; hja beneamde Willibrord as earste abt. De kar foar Willibrord wie foar in part ynjûn troch syn reputaasje as bekearder fan heidenen (de ''Apostel fan de [[Friezen]]''), diels ek om't de biskopssit fan Utert troch (heidenske) Fryske oanfallen yn gefaar rekke wie. Echternach soe it earste Angel-Saksyske kleaster op it Jeropeeske kontinint wurde.


Willibrord opened the first church at Echternach in [[700]] with financial backing from [[Pepin of Herstal]]. Continuing this connection, Pepin's son, [[Charles Martel]], founder of the [[Carolingian]] dynasty, had his son [[Pepyn de Koarte]] [[baptisme|baptised]] at Echternach in [[714]]. In addition to Carolingian support, Willibrord's abbey at Echternach had the backing of [[Wilfrid]], with whom he had served at [[Ripon]]. Furthermore, Willibrord successfully overcame the stridently anti-Irish bias of Wilfrid, and secured the backing of many Irish monks, who would become the backbone for the first settlement at Echternach.
Willibrord koe de earste tsjerke yn Echternach ynwije yn [[700]] mei jildlike stipe fan [[Pepyn fan Herstal]]. Pepyn's soan, [[Karel Martel]], stifter fan de [[Karolingen|Karolingyske]] dynasty, liet syn soan [[Pepyn de Koarte]] yn [[714]] yn Echternach dope. Neist stipe fan de Karolingen waard Willibrord syn abdij ek skoarre troch [[Wilfrid]], mei wa't er yn [[Ripon]] tsjinne hie. Furthermore, Willibrord successfully overcame the stridently anti-Irish bias of Wilfrid, and secured the backing of many Irish monks, who would become the backbone for the first settlement at Echternach.


Willibrord spent much time at Echternach, especially after the sacking of [[Utert (stêd)|Utrecht]] in [[716]], and died there in [[739]]. Willibrord was interred in the [[Oratory (worship)|oratory]], which soon became a place of [[pilgrimage]], particularly after he was [[Canonization|canonised]]. In [[751]], Pepin raised the Abbey of Echternach to status of 'royal abbey', and granted it [[Sovereign immunity|immunity]]. Around the walls of the abbey, a town grew up that would soon became one of the largest and most prosperous in Luxembourg.
Willibrord spent much time at Echternach, especially after the sacking of [[Utert (stêd)|Utrecht]] in [[716]], and died there in [[739]]. Willibrord was interred in the [[Oratory (worship)|oratory]], which soon became a place of [[pilgrimage]], particularly after he was [[Canonization|canonised]]. In [[751]], Pepin raised the Abbey of Echternach to status of 'royal abbey', and granted it [[Sovereign immunity|immunity]]. Around the walls of the abbey, a town grew up that would soon became one of the largest and most prosperous in Luxembourg.
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=== Carolingian Renaissance ===
=== Carolingian Renaissance ===
[[Beornrad fan Echternach|Beornrad]], the third abbot of Echternach, was a great favourite of [[Karel de Grutte]], and was promoted to Archbishop of Sens in [[785]]. When Beornrad died, in [[797]], Charlemagne took direct control of the abbey for a year.
[[Beornrad fan Echternach|Beornrad]], the third abbot of Echternach, was a great favourite of [[Karel de Grutte]], and was promoted to Archbishop of Sens in [[785]]. When Beornrad died, in [[797]], Charlemagne took direct control of the abbey for a year.

{{oersette}}
The work of the monks at the abbey was heavily influenced by Willibrord's roots in the Britske eilannen, where a great emphasis was put on [[kodeks|codices]], and Echternach developed one of the most important [[scriptorium|scriptoria]] in the [[Frankyske Ryk]]. The abbey at Echternach produced four [[gospel]]s (in order of production): the [[Augsburg Gospels]], [[Evangeeljen fan Maeseyck]], [[Evangeeljen fan Trier]], and the [[Freiburg Gospel Book Fragment]].
The work of the monks at the abbey was heavily influenced by Willibrord's roots in the Britske eilannen, where a great emphasis was put on [[kodeks|codices]], and Echternach developed one of the most important [[scriptorium|scriptoria]] in the [[Frankyske Ryk]]. The abbey at Echternach produced four [[gospel]]s (in order of production): the [[Augsburg Gospels]], [[Evangeeljen fan Maeseyck]], [[Evangeeljen fan Trier]], and the [[Freiburg Gospel Book Fragment]].


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* Unbekend - 700: Orizjinele tsjerke foar't de abdij der wie.
* Unbekend - 700: Orizjinele tsjerke foar't de abdij der wie.
* 700 - c.800: Merovingske tsjerke
* 700 - c.800: Merovingyske tsjerke
* c.800 - 1016: Karolingske tsjerke church
* c.800 - 1016: Karolingyske tsjerke
* 1031 - 1797: Oarspronklike Romaneske basilyk
* 1031 - 1797: Oarspronklike Romaneske basilyk
* 1862 - 1944: Rekonsruearre basilyk
* 1862 - 1944: Rekonstruearre basilyk
* 1953 - no: Moderne basilyk
* 1953 - no: Moderne basilyk



De ferzje fan 18 mrt 2010 om 10.13

Oan dizze side wurdt noch wurke!

Fier hjir asjebleaft gjin bewurkings út
oant de skriuwer mei de side klear is.


Sint-Willibrordusbasilyk fan de abdij fan Echternach

De Abdij van Echternach yn Lúksemboarchske plak Echternach waard yn 698 troch Willibrord stifte op grûn fan de Pepinen. It wie it earste troch in Angel-Saks oprjochte kleaster op it Jeropeeske kontinint. Willibrord is der ek stoarn en begroeven..

Skiednis

Willibrord

The modern basilica in Echternach.

Echternach, oan de rivier de Sauer, hie yn de 1e ieu in Romeinske filla. Yn de 6e ieu wie dat lângoed yn hannen rekke fan de biskop fan Trier, dy't dêr in lyts kleaster boude. Yn 698 skonk Irmine, dochter fan Dagobert II, lân yn Echternach oaan de Northumbriaanske misjonaris Willibrord, Biskop fan Utert, om dêr in grutter kleaster te setten; hja beneamde Willibrord as earste abt. De kar foar Willibrord wie foar in part ynjûn troch syn reputaasje as bekearder fan heidenen (de Apostel fan de Friezen), diels ek om't de biskopssit fan Utert troch (heidenske) Fryske oanfallen yn gefaar rekke wie. Echternach soe it earste Angel-Saksyske kleaster op it Jeropeeske kontinint wurde.

Willibrord koe de earste tsjerke yn Echternach ynwije yn 700 mei jildlike stipe fan Pepyn fan Herstal. Pepyn's soan, Karel Martel, stifter fan de Karolingyske dynasty, liet syn soan Pepyn de Koarte yn 714 yn Echternach dope. Neist stipe fan de Karolingen waard Willibrord syn abdij ek skoarre troch Wilfrid, mei wa't er yn Ripon tsjinne hie. Furthermore, Willibrord successfully overcame the stridently anti-Irish bias of Wilfrid, and secured the backing of many Irish monks, who would become the backbone for the first settlement at Echternach.

Willibrord spent much time at Echternach, especially after the sacking of Utrecht in 716, and died there in 739. Willibrord was interred in the oratory, which soon became a place of pilgrimage, particularly after he was canonised. In 751, Pepin raised the Abbey of Echternach to status of 'royal abbey', and granted it immunity. Around the walls of the abbey, a town grew up that would soon became one of the largest and most prosperous in Luxembourg.

Carolingian Renaissance

Beornrad, the third abbot of Echternach, was a great favourite of Karel de Grutte, and was promoted to Archbishop of Sens in 785. When Beornrad died, in 797, Charlemagne took direct control of the abbey for a year.

The work of the monks at the abbey was heavily influenced by Willibrord's roots in the Britske eilannen, where a great emphasis was put on codices, and Echternach developed one of the most important scriptoria in the Frankyske Ryk. The abbey at Echternach produced four gospels (in order of production): the Augsburg Gospels, Evangeeljen fan Maeseyck, Evangeeljen fan Trier, and the Freiburg Gospel Book Fragment.

Manuscripts produced at Echternach are known to have been in both insular and Roman half uncial script. As Echternach was so prolific, and enjoyed the patronage of, and aggrandisement by, Pepin the Short and Charlemagne, it played a crucial role in the development of the early Carolingian Renaissance. Seeing the work of the abbey at Echternach at taming the native German script, and eager to further the reform, Charlemagne sent for Alcuin, to establish a scriptorium at Aix-la-Chapelle. Alcuin synthesised the two styles into the standard Carolingian minuscule, which predominated for the next four centuries.

The early 9e ieu was the heyday of the abdij, as it enjoyed power, both spiritual and temporal. However, this was all guaranteed only by the Carolingians. When the authority of the centralised Frankish state collapsed during the civil wars under Loadewyk de Fromme, so too did the power of the abbey. In 847, the Benedictine monks were ejected and replaced by lay-abbots.

Weromkommen fan de Benediktiner muontsen

Side fan de Kodeks Aureus fan Echternach

The fortunes of the abbey continued to flux with the fortunes of the Hillige Roomske Ryk. When Otto the Great reunited the Empire, he sought to rejuvenate the intellectual and religious life of his dominions, including Echternach. In 971, he restored the Benedictine to Echternach with forty monks of that order from Trier. The abbey entered a second Golden Age, as it once again became one of northern Europe's most influential abbeys. The Codex Aureus of Echternach, an important surviving codex written entirely in gold ink was produced here in the eleventh century.

Tsjerken

Der binne seis tsjerken op it stee yn Echternach boud:

  • Unbekend - 700: Orizjinele tsjerke foar't de abdij der wie.
  • 700 - c.800: Merovingyske tsjerke
  • c.800 - 1016: Karolingyske tsjerke
  • 1031 - 1797: Oarspronklike Romaneske basilyk
  • 1862 - 1944: Rekonstruearre basilyk
  • 1953 - no: Moderne basilyk